ESP化工离心泵的维护与保养
时间:2025-09-08
在拆卸维护前应做好操作人员和所涉及到的人员的安全防护和保护工作，对有害、高温、腐蚀的介质要做好泵腔排空和无害化处理后方可进行拆卸维保程序。
维护与保养
1、泵机在运行周期内要定期停机检查泵机和动力端与底座的固定状况。
2、定期检查泵机与动力端连接的传动系统的对中是否移位，如有移位及时校正，并检查传动部件弹性垫和弹性片的磨损状况，如有磨损应及时更换。
3、定期检查轴承室的油位，如有缺少应及时补给并检查轴承的运转间隙，如有磨损应及时更换；
4、泵机在正常使用一定周期后要停机检查叶轮和壳体及过流部件的磨损状况，如有磨损应及时更换避免泵机的低效率运行。检查叶轮螺母的紧固状况，如有松动及时调整；
5、定期检查轴封的密封状况，如有跑冒滴漏应立即检查胶圈、弹簧的老化失效和密封端面的磨损，做到更换及时、细致；
6、在拆卸维护前应做好操作人员和所涉及到的人员的安全防护和保护工作，对有害、高温、腐蚀的介质要做好泵腔排空和无害化处理后方可进行拆卸维保程序。
| 故障分类 Fault classification | 故障原因 Cause | 排除方法 Remedy |
| 无法启动 Unable to start | 1、动力机或电源不正常 Engine or power supply is off normal | 检查动力机或检查电源电压 Check the engine or power supply voltage |
| 2、卡泵 Pump is stuck. | 停机用手转动联轴器检查，必要时拆卸检查，消除动静部分故障或泵腔杂物 Stop the pump, turn the coupler by hand and check.Disassemble it if necessary, resolve failures in power end or pump body, or remove sundries in the pump cavity. | |
| 3、出口阀门未关 Outlet valve is not closed | 关闭出口阀门重新启动泵机 Close the outlet valve and restart the pump. | |
| 4、泵腔物料结晶凝固 The conveying medium crystallizes and solidifies in the pump cavity. | 加温溶解或拆卸清洗泵腔 Heat to dissolve the material, or disassemble the pump and clean the cavity | |
| 无法出液 Conveying liquid is unable to be pumped out | 1、灌泵不足，气未排完 Pump is insufficient filled and the air inside the pump is not exhausted | 重新灌泵，继续排气 RefiIl the pump and continue to exhaust |
| 2、转向不对 Wrong direction of rotation | 检查动力运转方向，调整正确 Check the power end running direction and correct it. | |
| 3、转速太低 Too low rotation speed | 检查调整动力机转速或检查电源电压 Check and adjust the engine speed, or check the power supply voltage. | |
| 4、滤网堵塞，底阀不灵 Filter screen is blocked,bottom valve is not workable | 检查滤网、消除杂物维修或更换底阀 Check the filer screen, remove debris; repair or replace the bottom valve. | |
| 5、吸上高度过高或进液罐真空 Too high suction height or vacuumed feeding tank | 降低吸上高度，提高液位或加大进液罐压力 Reduce the suction height, raise the liquid level or increase the feeding tank pressure | |
| 启动出液后又断液After starting-up,conveying liquid is pumped out but suspend thereafter | 1、吸入管路漏气 Air leakage in suction pipeline | 检查吸入管道漏气并排除，排除轴封漏气状况 Check and resolve the air leakage in the suction pipe, rule out the shaft seal leakage. |
| 2、灌泵时泵腔气体未排净 Air in pump cavity is not fully exhausted when filling up the pump | 重新灌溉、排气 Refill the pump and exhaust air. | |
| 3、吸入口突然被异物堵住 Sudden block in suction inlet by foreign matters | 停机消除异物 Stop the pump and eliminate the foreign matters. | |
| 4、吸入大量气体 Inhalation of a lot of air | 检查吸入口有否旋涡，淹没深度是否太浅 Check whether the inlet is vortexed and if the submerged depth is sufficient. |
| 流量不足 Insufficient rate of flow | 1、系统静扬程增加 System static head increases | 检查液体高度和系统压力 Check the liquid height and system pressure. |
| 2、阻力损失增加 Increases of resistance loss | 检查管路及阀门等故障 Check faults in pipelines and valves. | |
| 3、过流部件磨损过大 Too much wear of flow passage components | 更换或维修过流部件 Replace or repair the flow passage components. | |
| 4、其他部位漏液 Leakage in other parts | 检查轴封等其他漏液部位 Check the leakage parts such as shaft seal. | |
| 5、吸入量不足 Insufficient suction volume | 定期清洗滤网提高进料液位 Clean the filter screen regularly to improve the feeding liquid level. | |
| 6、叶轮结垢严重 Heavy scaling in impeller | 停机叶轮除垢或更换 Stop the pump and descale the impeller, or replace the impeller. | |
| 7、转速不够 Insufficient rotation speed | 调整动力机转速 Adjust the engine rotation speed. | |
| 扬程不够 Pumping head not enough | 1、介质密度、粘度过大 Density or viscosity of the fluid pumped is too high | 检查密度、粘度是否超过泵机使用范围 Check whether the density or viscosity is within the working scope of the pump. |
| 2、操作时超出泵机设计流量 Working flow rate exceeds the designed rate | 调整出口阀门、控制流量 Adjust the outlet valve and control the flow rate. | |
| 3、转速不够 Insufficient rotation speed | 调整动力机转速 Adjust the engine rotation speed. | |
| 4、系统静扬程增加 System static head increases | 检查泵机设计扬程与工况使用扬程的误差，排除误差Check the error between the designed head and actual working head, and resolve it. | |
| 5、阻力损失增大 Increases of resistance loss | 检查管路及阀门等故障 Check faults in pipelines and valves. | |
| 功耗过大 Too much power consumption | 1、叶轮与其他部件摩擦 The impeller rubs against other parts | 检查维修或更换零部件 Repair or replace the parts. |
| 2、液体密度增加 The liquid density increases | 检查液体密度，调整密度或增加功率 Check the liquid density, adjust it, or increase the power. | |
| 3、轴承损坏 Bearing failure | 拆卸并更换 Remove and replace. | |
| 4、泵腔进入异物 Foreign matters enter into pump cavity | 清除泵腔异物 Remove the foreign matters in the pumnp cavity | |
| 5、轴封太紧 Shaft seal is too tight | 调整弹簧压力或拆松填料 Adjust the spring pressure or loose gland packings. |
| 震动和噪音 Vibration and noise | 1、动力机与泵传动对中不同心 Centers of the shaft and engine are not aligned | 重新调整传动系统的对中 Re-align. |
| 2、基础螺栓松动 Foundation bolt is loose | 紧固基础螺栓 Fasten the foundation bolts. | |
| 3、轴承磨损、损坏 Bearing wear or damaged | 更换轴承 Replace the bearing. | |
| 4、叶轮堵塞不平衡 Impeller clogged and unbalanced | 停机检查、清除叶轮异物 Stop the pump, check and remove foreign matters blocking the impeller. | |
| 5、动力机震动传导至泵 Engine vibration is transmitted to the pump | 消除动力机震动 Eliminate the engine vibration. | |
| 6、管路震动传导至泵 Pipeline vibration is transmitted to the pump | 增设管路支架固定管路 Put pipe bracket to fix the pipe. | |
| 7、叶轮磨损不平衡 Impeller wear and unbalanced | 维修校验或更换 Repair,correct, or replace the impeller. | |
| 8、泵轴弯曲 Pump shaft bent | 更换泵轴 Replace the pump shaft. | |
| 9、叶轮摩擦泵体 Impeller frictions the pump body | 检查叶轮螺母松动并收紧或更换零部件 Check if the impeller nuts are loose, tighten it or replace the parts. | |
| 10、传动器弹性垫或弹性片损坏 Transmission elastic pad or elastic plate is damaged | 更换弹性垫或弹性片 Replace the elastic pad or the elastic plate. | |
| 11、进口控制阀门离泵入口太近 Inlet control valve is too close to the pump inlet | 调整控制阀门的安装位置 Adjust the position of the control valve. | |
| 12、气蚀 Cavitation | 降低介质温度，加大进口压力，降低转速 Lower down the medium temperature, increase the inlet pressure, and reduce the rotation speed. | |
| 轴封泄露 Axis seal leakage | 1、密封端面空载运行烧损 Burning loss of seal face when idle running | 更换密封端面及零部件 Replace the seal face and spare parts. |
| 2、密封胶圈老化 Aging of seal ring | 更换 Replace. | |
| 3、弹簧失压 Spring elasticity loss | 更换 Replace. | |
| 4、端面磨损 Seal face wear | 更换 Replace. |
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